六、zuul路由网关

1、概述

Zuul包含了对请求的==路由和过滤==的主要功能：

  • 路由功能

    主要负责将外部请求转发到具体的微服务上，是实现外部访问入口的基础

  • 过滤功能

    负责对请求的处理过程进行干预，是实现请求校验、服务聚合等功能的基础

Zuul与Eureka进行整合，将==Zuul自身注册为Eureka==服务治理下的应用，同事从Eureka中获得其他微服务的信息，也即以后的微服务访问都是通过Zuul跳转后获得。

==三大功能—-==代理、路由、过滤

2、路由基本配置

  • 新建springcloud-study-zuul-gateway-9527模块

  • pom文件

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    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <parent>
            <groupId>com.gxs.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-study</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>

        <artifactId>springcloud-study-zuul-gateway-9527</artifactId>

        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.gxs.springcloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>springcloud-study-api</artifactId>
                <version>${project.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!--zuul依赖-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
            </dependency>

            <!--Hystrix容错-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
                <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            </dependency>

            <!--热部署 修改后立即生效-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </project>

  • yml文件

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    server:
      port: 9527
    spring:
      application:
        name: springcloud-study-zuul-gateway

    eureka:
      instance:
        instance-id: gateway-9572
        prefer-ip-address: true
      client:
        service-url:
          # 单机版配置defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka #设置与eureka server 交互的地址查询服务和注册服务都需要依赖的地址
          #集群配置
          defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/

    info:
      app.name: springcloud-study-zuul-gateway
      company.name: www.gxs.com
      build.artifactId: ${project.artifactId}
      build.version: ${project.version}

  • host文件修改

    127.0.0.1 myzuul.com

  • 主启动类

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    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableZuulProxy
    public class ZuulGatewayApp {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(ZuulGatewayApp.class,args);
        }
    }

3、测试

4、路由访问映射规则

1、代理名称

  • 修改yml，增加如下配置

    配置后http://myzuul.com:9527/STUDY-SPRINGCLOUD-DEPT/dept/findAll

    可变为http://myzuul.com:9527/mydept/dept/findAll

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    zuul:
      routes:
        mydept.serviceId: STUDY-SPRINGCLOUD-DEPT
        mydept.path: /mydept/*

  • 原真实服务名忽略

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    zuul:
      routes:
        mydept.serviceId: STUDY-SPRINGCLOUD-DEPT
        mydept.path: /mydept/*
       #多个用"*" ignored-services: "*"
      ignored-services: STUDY-SPRINGCLOUD-DEPT

  • 设置统一公共前缀

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    zuul:
      routes:
        mydept.serviceId: STUDY-SPRINGCLOUD-DEPT
        mydept.path: /mydept/*
      #多个用"*" ignored-services: "*"
      ignored-services: STUDY-SPRINGCLOUD-DEPT
      #公共前缀
      prefix: /springcloud

七、SpringCloud Config 分布式配置中心

1、概述

分布式系统面临问题，配置问题

集中式的、动态的配置管理必不可少

Spring colud Config为微服务架构中心的微服务提供==集中式的外部配置支持==，配置服务器==为各个不同的微服务应用==提供一个==中心化的外部配置==

Spring colud Config分为==服务端和客户端两部分==

  • 服务端

    也成为分布式配置中心，他是一个独立的微服务应用，用来连接配置服务器并未客户端提供获取配置等访问接口

  • 客户端

    通过指定的配置中心来管理应用资源，以及与业务相关的配置内容，并在启动的时候从配置中心获取配置，配置服务器默认采用git来存储配置信息。这样有助于对环境配置的版本管理，并且可以通过git客户端访问配置内容

2、功能

  • 集中管理配置文件

  • 不同环境不同配置，动态化的配置更新，分环境部署，dev/test/prod/beta/release

  • 当配置发生变化是，服务不需要重启

  • 运行期间动态调整配置

  • 将配置信息以rest接口形式暴露

  • 与github、svn整合

    2、SpringCloud Config 服务端配置

1、在github上新建springcloud-study-config的repository

https://github.com/gongxings/springcloud-study-config.git

2、在本地硬盘中新建git仓库并clone

git clone https://github.com/gongxings/springcloud-study-config.git

3、在本地git仓库中新建一个application.yml

格式必须是UTF-8的形式保存，否则会有乱码

提交到github

4、新建module，springcloud-study-config-3344

  • pom文件

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    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <parent>
            <groupId>com.gxs.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-study</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>

        <artifactId>springcloud-study-config-3344</artifactId>

        <dependencies>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId>
            </dependency>

            <!--zuul依赖-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
            </dependency>

            <!--Hystrix容错-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
                <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            </dependency>

            <!--热部署 修改后立即生效-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            </dependency>

        </dependencies>

    </project>

  • yml文件

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    server:
      port: 3344
    spring:
      application:
        name: springcloud-study-config
      cloud:
        config:
          server:
            git:
              # uri: git@github.com:gongxings/springcloud-study-config.git
              uri: https://github.com/gongxings/springcloud-study-config.git
              search-paths: config-repo
              username:   #账号
              password:   #密码

  • 主启动类

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    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableConfigServer
    public class Config3344App {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(Config3344App.class,args);
        }
    }

  • 修改host文件增加映射

    127.0.0.1 config3344.com

  • 启动服务，访问yml

    http://config3344.com:3344/application-dev.yml

    http://config3344.com:3344/application/dev/master

3、SpringCloud Config 客户端配置与测试

1、在本地git仓库中新建一个springcolud-study-config.yml

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 server:
  port: 8202
spring:
  profiles: test #开发环境
  application:
    name: springcloud-study-config-client

eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: eureka7001.com:7001/eureka
#请保存为UTF-8格式

4、新建springcloud-study-config-client-3355模块

  • pom文件

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    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <parent>
            <groupId>com.gxs.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-study</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>

        <artifactId>springcloud-study-config-client-3355</artifactId>

        <dependencies>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-config</artifactId>
            </dependency>

            <!--zuul依赖-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
            </dependency>

            <!--Hystrix容错-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
                <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            </dependency>

            <!--热部署 修改后立即生效-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            </dependency>

        </dependencies>

    </project>

  • 主启动类

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    @SpringBootApplication
    public class ConfigClient3355App {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(ConfigClient3355App.class,args);
        }
    }

  • yml文件

    application.yml是用户级的资源配置项

    bootstrap.xml是系统级的，优先级更高

    Springcolud 会创建一个BootStrap Context，作为spring应用的Application Context的父上下文。初始化的时候，BootStrap Context负责从外部资源加载配置属性并解析配置。这两个上下文共享一个外部获取的Environment。BootStrap 属性有高优先级，默认情况下，他们不会被本地配置覆盖。BootStrap Context和Application Context有着不同的约定。

    所以新增一个bootstrap.xml，保证BootStrap Context和Application Context的配置分离。

    • application.yml

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      spring:
        application:
          name: springcloud-study-config-client

    • bootstrap.xml

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      spring:
         cloud:
            config:
              name: springcloud-study-config-client #需要从github上服务的资源名称，注意没有yml后缀
              profile: dev  #本次访问的配置项
              label: master
              uri: http://config3344.com:3344 #本次服务启动后，先去找3344服务，通过SpringCloudConfig获取github上的配置

  • host文件配置

    127.0.0.1 config-client.com

  • 新建rest类，验证是否能从Github上读取配置

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    @RestController
    public class ConfigClientRest {

        @Value("${spring.application.name}")
        private String applicationName;
        @Value("${eureka.client.server-url.defaultZone}")
        private String eurekaServers;
        @Value("${server.port}")
        private String port;

        @RequestMapping("/config")
        public String getConfig(){

            System.out.println("applicationName:"+this.applicationName
                    +"eurekaServers:"+this.eurekaServers
                    +"port:"+this.port);
            return "applicationName:"+this.applicationName
                    +"eurekaServers:"+this.eurekaServers
                    +"port:"+this.port;
        }
    }

  • 测试

    启动3344、3355

4、配置实战

config服务端配置测试OK，我们可以和config+github进行配置修改并获得内容

做一个wureka服务+一个dept访问的微服务，将两个微服务的配置统一由github获得实现统一配置，分布式管理，完成多环境变更。


Java Springcloud 微服务

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